![]() He was raised in the family home in the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was in a lower class district on the edges of Moscow. Mikhail Dostoevsky and Maria Dostoevskaya (born Nechayeva). įyodor Dostoevsky, born on 11 November 1821 in Moscow, was the second child of Dr. In 1828, when his two sons, Mikhail and Fyodor, were eight and seven respectively, he was promoted to collegiate assessor, a position which raised his legal status to that of the nobility and enabled him to acquire a small estate in Darovoye, a town about 150 km (100 miles) from Moscow, where the family usually spent the summers. The following year, he took up a post at the Mariinsky Hospital for the poor. From there he was assigned to a Moscow hospital, where he served as military doctor, and in 1818 he was appointed a senior physician. In 1809, the 20-year-old Mikhail Dostoevsky enrolled in Moscow's Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy. ĭostoevsky's immediate ancestors on his mother's side were merchants the male line on his father's side were priests. The family traced its roots back to Danilo Irtishch, who was granted lands in the Pinsk region (for centuries part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, now in modern-day Belarus) in 1509 for his services under a local prince, his progeny then taking the name "Dostoevsky" based on a village there called Dostoïevo (derived from Old Polish dostojnik – dignitary). His books have been translated into more than 170 languages, and served as the inspiration for many films.ĭostoevsky's paternal ancestors were part of a noble family of Russian Orthodox Christians. His writings were widely read both within and beyond his native Russia and influenced an equally great number of later writers including Russians such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov, philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre, and the emergence of Existentialism and Freudianism. For a time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers.ĭostoevsky's body of work consists of thirteen novels, three novellas, seventeen short stories, and numerous other works. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction, which led to financial hardship. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later A Writer's Diary, a collection of his writings. ![]() He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. Dostoevsky was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at the last moment. However, he was arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group, the Petrashevsky Circle, that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, Poor Folk, which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg's literary circles. ![]() After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. īorn in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends, and through books by Russian and foreign authors. Numerous literary critics regard him as one of the greatest novelists in all of world literature, as many of his works are considered highly influential masterpieces. His 1864 novella, Notes from Underground, is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature. His most acclaimed novels include Crime and Punishment (1866), The Idiot (1869), Demons (1872), and The Brothers Karamazov (1880). Dostoevsky's literary works explore the human condition in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. Fyódor Mikháylovich Dostoyévskiy, IPA: ( listen) 11 November 1821 – 9 February 1881 ), sometimes transliterated as Dostoyevsky, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist and journalist.
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